China's agricultural resources and environment are facing dual pressures of exogenous and endogenous pollution, and sustainable agricultural development is facing bottlenecks. In this context, the Ministry of Agriculture stated yesterday that the use of fertilizers and pesticides should be reduced, and agricultural film and straw should be treated harmless. Zhang Taolin also stated that agriculture in China has surpassed industry as the largest non-point source pollution industry, and the overall situation is not optimistic.

The pollution of soil and water bodies, as well as the quality and safety risks of agricultural products, are becoming increasingly severe in China. On the one hand, this is due to the transfer and discharge of pollution from industry, mining, and urban and rural life to agriculture, resulting in a decline in the environmental quality of agricultural product production areas; On the other hand, due to the long-term unreasonable and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, as well as the unreasonable disposal of agricultural waste such as animal manure, crop straw, and agricultural residue film, agricultural non-point source pollution is becoming increasingly serious.

To address this issue, the Ministry of Agriculture has formulated and issued relevant opinions on agricultural pollution prevention and control: ensuring that the total amount of agricultural irrigation water is maintained at 372 billion cubic meters, and the water quality of agricultural irrigation water meets the standards; Reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides; Livestock and poultry manure, agricultural film, and crop straw have been basically resourced, comprehensively recycled, and treated harmless.

"The current usage of pesticides is 320000 tons, and we need to control it at 300000 tons," said Zhang Taolin. From theoretical, practical, and domestic and foreign experiences, it is completely possible to reduce the amount of fertilizers and pesticides without reducing grain production. By optimizing fertilization and utilizing a comprehensive system, the amount of fertilizer can be completely reduced. In addition, if organic fertilizer is used to replace some chemical fertilizers, it is a very important way to improve soil fertility, protect the agricultural environment, and steadily increase yield and quality of agricultural products.

Regarding the issue of responsibility for restoring polluted areas, Zhang Taolin made a clear statement: "Whoever pollutes is responsible, and whoever pollutes is responsible for governance. These problems and burdens cannot be transferred to farmers, and their interests must be effectively protected."

>>Current situation

China's fertilizer and pesticide usage ranks first in the world

Experts have pointed out that invisible heavy metal pollution has become an invisible killer of agricultural products in China. For example, excessive use of fertilizers can cause soil acidification, which in turn can induce an increase in soil heavy metal ion activity. For every unit decrease in soil pH, the activity of heavy metal cadmium increases by 100 times, increasing the risk of difficult diseases such as bone pain. "The biggest characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution are concealment, long-term, and dispersion, which are consciously or unconsciously generated in various stages and processes of agricultural production, and are relatively difficult to handle," said Ren Tianzhi, director of the Environmental Protection Research and Monitoring Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Rural Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said, "The amount of fertilizers and pesticides used in China is quite large, with production and usage ranking first in the world. However, the utilization rate of fertilizers and pesticides is 15% -20% lower than that of developed countries, so it is imperative to reduce usage and improve utilization rate."

>>The situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China

Northwest arid region: prominent issues of agricultural film pollution and white pollution

Middle East region: prominent non-point source pollution problems of pesticides and fertilizers

Southern region: prominent problem of agricultural livestock and poultry manure pollution

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